Soybean (Glycine max)
There are several varieties of soybeans that can be grown at northern latitudes. It mostly depends on how sensitive the varieties are to day length, and how early they mature. The best varieties for northern conditions are those in the maturity group 0000 and maybe 000. However, soybeans yield fairly modestly here compared to other legumes.
The varieties that are relevant here in the north grow 50-75 cm tall. At each leaf node there are 3-6 small purple, pink or white flowers, which then form short pods. The flowers are self pollinating. There are usually 1-6 mature pods per node. Each pod contains 2-4 seeds.
The whole plant is hairy, including the seed pods. The plants are often branched, which increases the yield.
The dry seeds are soaked and boiled. They can be used in stews and soups and also to make tofu. Dry soybeans contain around 36% protein and 20% fat.
Green, immature seeds can also be boiled and eaten as a vegetable and are then called edamame.
